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Теория: Умножение больших натуральных чисел

Задание

Найти произведение чисел:

   \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\)
  x     
     \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)

   
\(\displaystyle +\)       
   
\(\displaystyle +\)       
   

 

 

Решение

1. Первое действие.

Умножаем единицы числа \(\displaystyle 21{\underline 2}\) (это число \(\displaystyle 2\)) на число \(\displaystyle 22123{\small:}\)

 

\(\displaystyle 22123 \cdot 2=44246\).

 

   \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\)
  x     
     \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle \bf2\)

   \(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf6\)
\(\displaystyle +\)       
  \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\) 
\(\displaystyle +\)       
 \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)  

 \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)

 

2. Второе действие.

Умножаем десятки числа \(\displaystyle 2{\underline 1}2\) (это число \(\displaystyle 1\)) на число \(\displaystyle 22123{\small:}\)

 

\(\displaystyle 22123 \cdot 1=22123{\small.}\)

 

Записываем результат так, чтобы единицы \(\displaystyle 2212{\underline 3}\) шли под той цифрой, на которую мы умножали (в нашем случае это десятки числа \(\displaystyle 2{\underline1}2{\small,}\) то есть число \(\displaystyle 1\)).

 

   \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\)
  x     
     \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle \bf1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)

   \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)
\(\displaystyle +\)       
  \(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle \bf1\)\(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle \bf3\) 
\(\displaystyle +\)       
 \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)  

 \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)

 

3. Третье действие.

Умножаем сотни числа \(\displaystyle {\underline 2}12\) (это число \(\displaystyle 2\)) на число \(\displaystyle 22123{\small:}\)

 

\(\displaystyle 22123 \cdot 2=44246{\small.}\)

 

Записываем результат так, чтобы единицы \(\displaystyle 4424{\underline 6}\) шли под той цифрой, на которую мы умножали (в нашем случае это сотни числа \(\displaystyle {\underline 2}12{\small,}\) то есть число \(\displaystyle 2\)).

 

   \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\)
  x     
     \(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)

   \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)
\(\displaystyle +\)       
  \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\) 
\(\displaystyle +\)       
 \(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf2\)\(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf6\)  

 \(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)\(\displaystyle {\small?}\)

 

4. Четвертое действие.

Складываем получившиеся числа:

 

   \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)
\(\displaystyle +\)       
  \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\) 
\(\displaystyle +\)       
 \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)  

 \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)\(\displaystyle 9\)\(\displaystyle 0\)\(\displaystyle 0\)\(\displaystyle 7\)\(\displaystyle 6\)

 

В итоге имеем:

   \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\)
  x     
     \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)

   \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)
\(\displaystyle +\)       
  \(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 1\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 3\) 
\(\displaystyle +\)       
 \(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 2\)\(\displaystyle 4\)\(\displaystyle 6\)  

 \(\displaystyle \bf4\)\(\displaystyle \bf6\)\(\displaystyle \bf9\)\(\displaystyle \bf0\)\(\displaystyle \bf0\)\(\displaystyle \bf7\)\(\displaystyle \bf6\)

 

Ответ: \(\displaystyle 4690076{\small.}\)